在非藥物治療方面,建議病人需控制日常飲食量,減少膽固醇,採取低鹽飲食(每日勿超過3~5 公克)並限制水份攝取(每日低於一千五百毫升)。生活型態需維持規律,早睡早起,若工作時間容許,可於上午及下午各安排一次短暫休息及睡眠;每日三餐飯 後,應採半坐臥姿勢放鬆3 0~6 0分鐘,使心臟獲得充分休息時間,再行工作。保持愉快的心情,避免情緒波動增加心臟負擔。盡量避開太冷太熱環境、減少短時間內溫差大幅度變化,最適宜的活 動溫度為攝氏25℃,並遠離二手菸、空氣污染等易影響心肺功能的環境。運動方面可選擇每次30分鐘的「有氧運動」,如散步、慢跑、游泳、騎腳踏車等,頻率 為每週3~4次,勿從事劇烈運動及競賽性活動。有呼吸困難時,可選擇接受氧氣治療,氧氣流量控制在2~3 升/分鐘,以減輕症狀。最後提醒病人留心每日排尿量及體重變化,有大幅度的改變,需回診確認原因。(全文完)
參考資料
1. 中華民國行政院衛生署國民健康局健康99網站. http://health99.doh.gov.tw/default.aspx
2. Wilson S Colucci, MD. Overview of the therapy of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. 2011 UpToDate.
3. Management of heart failure in special populations: HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline .Heart Failure Society of America, Inc - Disease Specific Society. 2010.
4. 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. American College of Cardiology Foundation - Medical Specialty Society; American Heart Association - Professional Association; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation - Professional Association. 2009.
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