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壹、methylene blue, linezolid (Zyvox®)與精神科藥品併用可能增加嚴重中樞神經不良反應風險1,2
用來治療甲基血紅素血症(methemoglobinemia)、血管麻痺症(vasoplegic syndrome)、ifosfamide 引起的腦膜炎、氰化物中毒,或作為輔助診斷用染劑之methylene blue,與抗生素linezolid 都是強烈的單胺氧化酶抑制劑(monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI),會抑制腦內對血清素的代謝。若與精神作用藥-血清素致效劑(serotonergic psychiatric medications)併用時,可能造成血清素上升,引發血清素症候群(serotonin syndrome),病人因此可能有精神狀態改變(例如意識不清、過動、記憶問題)、肌肉抽搐、多汗、摇晃、顫抖、腹瀉、肢體不協調或發燒。
除非是攸關性命,需使用methylene blue 急救(如甲基血紅素血症、ifosfamide 引起的腦膜炎、氰化物中毒);或對vancomycin 有抗藥性的腸球菌感染(vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, VRE)、院內感染性肺炎或是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)表皮嚴重感染等必須使用linezolid 之情況,美國FDA 不建議前列兩種併用血清素致效劑。然病人若未與醫療專業人員討論,不應私自隨意停止使用具血清素致效的精神作用藥。依據FDA 報告中指出的精神作用藥-血清素致效劑1,表一列出本院目前使用中的相關品項。
表一、本院相關的血清素致效劑1
學名 |
商品名 |
A. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
Paroxetine |
Seroxat CR® |
Fluvoxamine |
Lote® |
Fluoxetine |
Prozac®, Sarafem®, Symbyax® |
Sertraline |
Kinloft® |
Citalopram |
Citao® |
B. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
Venlafaxine |
Rafax®, Effexor XR®, Easyfor® |
Duloxetine |
Cymbalta® |
C. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) |
Imipramine |
Tofranil® |
Doxepin |
Sinequan, Ichderm® |
D. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) |
Selegiline |
Parkryl® |
E. Other Psychiatric Medications |
Trazodone |
Mesyrel® |
Bupropion |
Wellbutrin®, Wellbutrin SR®, Wellbutrin XL® |
Buspirone |
Sepirone® |
Mirtazapine |
Remeron®, Remeron Soltab® |
貳、參考資料
1. Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event
Reporting Program. Safety Information. Methylene Blue: Drug Safety Communication - Serious
CNS Reactions Possible When Given to Patients Taking Certain Psychiatric Medications.
Available at
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHuma...
s/ucm265476.htm Accessed July, 2011.
2. Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event
Reporting Program. Safety Information. Zyvox (linezolid): Drug Safety Communication -
Serious CNS Reactions Possible When Given to Patients Taking Certain Psychiatric
Medications Available at
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHuma...
s/ucm265479.htm Accessed July, 2011.
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